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Planting Tips
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Planting Tips
Dig a shallow, broad planting hole.
the hole wide because the roots on the newly establishing tree must push through surrounding soil in order to establish. On
most planting sites in new developments, the existing soils have been compacted and are unsuitable for healthy root growth.
growth. Breaking up the soil in a large area around the tree provides the newly emerging roots room to expand into loose soil
to hasten establishment.
to hasten establishment.

to hasten establishment.


Identify the trunk flare. The trunk flare is where the roots spread at the base of the tree. This point should be partially
visible after the tree has been planted (see diagram). If the trunk flare is not partially visible, you may have to remove some
soil from the top of the root ball. Find it so you can determine how deep the hole needs to be for proper planting.

Place the tree at the proper height. Before placing the tree in the hole, check to see that the hole has been dug to the
proper depth-and no more. The majority of the roots on the newly planted tree will develop in the top 12" of soil. If the tree is
planted too deeply, new roots will have difficulty developing because of a lack of oxygen. It is better to plant the tree a little
high, 2" — 3" above the base of the trunk flare, than to plant it at or below the original growing level. This planting level will
allow for some settling (see diagram). To avoid damage when setting the tree in the hole, always lift the tree by the root ball
and never by the trunk.

Straighten the tree in the hole. Before you begin backfilling, have someone view the tree from several directions to
confirm that the tree is straight. Once you begin backfilling, it is difficult to reposition the tree.

Fill the hole gently but firmly. Fill the hole about 1/3 full and gently but firmly pack the soil around the base of the root
ball. Then, if the tree is balled and burlap, cut and remove the string and wire from around the trunk and top third of the root
ball (see diagram). Be careful not to damage the trunk or roots in the process.

Fill the remainder of the hole, taking care to firmly pack soil to eliminate air pockets that may cause roots to dry out. To
avoid this problem, add the soil a few inches at a time and settle with water. Continue this process until the hole is filled and
the tree is firmly planted. It is not recommended to apply fertilizer at the time of planting.

Stake the tree, if necessary. If the tree is grown and dug properly at the nursery, staking for support will not be
necessary in most home landscape situations. Studies show that trees establish faster and develop stronger trunk and root
systems if they are not staked at the time of planting. However, protective staking may be required where lawn mower
damage, vandalism, or windy conditions are concerns. If staking is necessary for support, two stakes used in conjunction with
a wide, flexible tie material will hold the tree upright, provide flexibility, and minimize injury to the trunk (see diagram).
Remove staking and ties after the first year of growth.

Trees do best when not tied to a stake, just make sure that the hole has been filled in properly.

Backfill all planting holes with the soil that's been dug out of the hole. Backfill, breaking up all soil particles to
the size of golf balls or smaller. Water in well and as the soil-filled hole fills up with water, take a shovel and work the back
filled soil up and down to settle it in place. This will cause the soil clump to become securely locked into its new home.

Mulch the base of the tree. Mulch acts as a blanket to hold moisture, moderate soil temperature extremes (both hot and
cold), and reduces competition from grass and weeds. Some good mulch choices are leaf litter, pine straw, shredded bark,
peat moss, or wood chips. A 2" layer is ideal. More than 2" may cause a problem with oxygen and moisture levels. When
placing mulch do not pile it up against the trunk. Doing so may cause decay of the living bark at the base of the tree. A mulch-
free area, 1" — 2" wide at the base of the tree, is sufficient to avoid moist bark conditions and prevent decay.

Provide follow-up care. Keep the soil moist but not soaked; over-watering causes leaves to turn yellow or fall off. Water
trees at least once a week, barring rain, and more frequently during hot weather. When the soil is dry below the surface of the
mulch, it is time to water. Continue until mid-fall, tapering off for lower temperatures that require less-frequent watering.
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